Intshayelelo kwi-Alumina Ceramic Membranes: Isakhiwo kunye neMisebenzi

1. Intshayelelo

Kumhlaba ovela ngokukhawuleza wenzululwazi yolwahlulo oluphambili, ubunjineli bokusingqongileyo, kunye nokusetyenzwa kwemizi-mveliso, itekhnoloji ye-membrane izimise ngokuqinileyo njengelitye lembombo lokucocwa okusebenzayo, ukugxila, ukwahlula, kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela izixhobo. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswa kuwo onke amacandelo emveliso yehlabathi ukwenza i-membrane, imidiya ye-inorganic ceramic ifumene udumo olukhulu kwaye lukhula ngenxa yobude bayo obuphezulu, imfezeko yesakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo. Kumphambili weli nqanaba lobuchwepheshe kumi i-Alumina Ceramic Membrane, isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokuhluza esenziwe ukusuka phezulu{2}}kucoceko lwe-aluminiyam oxide. Ngokungafaniyo ne-organic polymer inwebu ezithob' isidima, zidumbe, okanye zijike xa zisesichengeni sobushushu obuphezulu, ubume bemichiza enobundlobongela, okanye{4}}uxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-Alumina Ceramic Membrane ibonelela ngokuxhathisa kweekhemikhali, ukomelela koomatshini, kunye nozinzo lobushushu.

Ukuqonda ixabiso lokwenyani lezoqoqosho kunye netheknoloji ye-Alumina Ceramic Membrane kufuna uviwo olubanzi lwesakhiwo sayo esisodwa kunye neempawu ezisebenzayo eziphuma ngokuthe ngqo kubume be-athomu. Ukusuka kwimizi-mveliso kamasipala yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye neendawo zokucocwa zepetrochemical ezirhabaxa ukuya kwimigca ethambileyo yokusetyenzwa kwamayeza kunye neeyunithi zokwahlula irhasi yobushushu obuphezulu-, ezi membrane ze-inorganic zangaphambili zichaza ngokutsha ukusebenza kakuhle kohluzo lweshishini. Eli nqaku libanzi liphonononga i-architecture eyinkimbinkimbi ye-asymmetric, iindlela zokwahlula okungundoqo, usetyenziso oluhlukeneyo lwezoshishino, kunye neendlela eziphambili zokuvelisa ezimisela i-Alumina Ceramic Membrane njengobuchwephesha obuyimfuneko kubunjineli banamhlanje kunye nokugcinwa kweekhemikhali.

2. Iimpawu zeZakhiwo zeAlumina zeCeramic Membranes

I-Asymmetric Multilayer Architecture

Uyilo lolwakhiwo oluphezulu{0}}lokusebenza kwe-Alumina Ceramic Membrane ngokusisiseko i-asymmetric, yenziwe ngobuchwephesha ngokuchaneka ukuze kunyuswe amandla omatshini kunye nokuguquguquka kokungena ngaxeshanye. Ngokungafaniyo nenwebu ezilinganayo ezihlala zithwaxwa bubunzima obuphezulu-ukuchasana nokugqithiselwa kunye nokuphuma okuphantsi, inwebu ye-asymmetric ceramic inwebu ezimbini okanye ezintathu ezahlukeneyo, iileya ezidityanisiweyo ezidityaniswe kumzimba omnye obambeneyo. Owona maleko ungqindilili wesiseko ngumaleko wenkxaso omkhulu, oqhele ukwenziwa ngamarhatyana,-obusulungekileyo be-alpha{5}}amasuntswana e-alumina. Le nkxaso yematriksi ibonelela ngamandla oomatshini abalulekileyo, ubungqongqo, kunye nolwakhiwo imfezeko efunekayo ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu -lwemembrane ngaphandle kokuwohloka.

Ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo phezu kwale nkxaso yomeleleyo kukho umaleko omnye okanye ngaphezulu ophakathi wenguqu obonisa ubungakanani obuncinci, obulawulwa ngokungqongqo. Ezi maleko zenguqu zisebenza njengebhulorho egudileyo, ikhusela ulwahlulo olusebenzayo lwesikhumba ukuba lungangeni kwiipores ezinkulu zenkxaso. Ekugqibeleni, ulwahlulo olungaphandle olusebenzayo lwesikhumba lubonisa i-microscopic, iipores ezisasazwa ngokufanayo ezichaza imida echanekileyo ye-molecular okanye i-particle cutoff cutoff, ukusuka kwi-microfiltration ukuya kwi-ultrafiltration kunye ne-nanofiltration regimes. Esi sakhiwo siphucukileyo se-gradient siqinisekisa uzinzo oluphezulu lomatshini ngelixa unciphisa ukumelana nokuhamba kwe-hydrodynamic, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca.

Ukubunjwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye neSigaba soBunyulu

Imathiriyeli ekrwada imfezeko ye-Alumina Ceramic Membrane ibalulekile kwimpumelelo yayo-yexesha elide lokusebenza. I-Alpha -i-alumina (i-Al2O3) ikhethwe njengenqanaba lekristale elikhethwayo ngenxa yobungaguqukiyo beekhemikhali, ubulukhuni obugqithisileyo, kunye nokuxhathisa okungaphezulu kumothuko we-thermal. Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwenkqubo yobushushu obuphezulu{6}, ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani bamasuntswana alawulwa ngokungqongqo kunye nobuchule obuphambili bokuntywila bayaqeshwa ukudibanisa amasuntswana e-alumina kunye ngaphandle kokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo izithuba ezingenanto phakathi kwazo.

Oku kukhokelela kuthungelwano oluqinileyo, olufana kakhulu lwepore olungadumbi, lubambene, lugxumeke, okanye lungene phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo{0}}loxinzelelo lokusebenza oluphezulu. Ukucoceka kwesigaba semichiza ye-alumina iqinisekisa ukuba i-membrane ye-membrane ihlala i-inert ngokupheleleyo kwaye ingasebenzi-isebenza xa ibonakaliswe kwi-acids eqinile, izisombululo ze-caustic ezigxininisiweyo, i-oxidizing agents, kunye nezinyibilikisi ezinobudlova ze-organic, ziyibeka ngaphandle kwe-silica{3}} okanye i-zirconia{4}i-zirconias{4}ezisekelwe kwizinto ezihlukeneyo kwiindawo ezidliwayo.

3. IiPropati eziSetyenziswayo ezingundoqo kunye neeNdlela zoKwahlula

Iindlela zokwahlula ngokwaseMzimbeni

Umsebenzi ophambili wokusebenza we-Alumina Ceramic Membrane uxhomekeke kakhulu ekukhutshelweni ubungakanani bomzimba, ngokuqhelekileyo kubhekiselwa kuko kwisayensi yokucoca njengesiphumo sesefu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-avareji ye-pore diameter kunye ne-molecular weight cutoff ye-skin layer esebenzayo, ezi membrane eziphambili zinokuhlelwa zibe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo: i-microfiltration yezinto eziqinileyo kunye neebhaktheriya ezinkulu, i-ultrafiltration yokwahlula i-macromolecular kunye ne-colloids, okanye i-nanofiltration ye-divalent ion kunye ne-molecule encinci ye-organic.

Izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, i-pathogens, i-colloidal particles, kunye ne-macromolecules ezinkulu ezinkulu kune-membrane pores zivaliwe ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye zigcinwe kwicala lokutya kwemodyuli, ngelixa amanzi ahlambulukileyo, i-solutes encinci edibeneyo, kunye namaqhezu ajoliswe kuyo adlula ngokukhululekileyo kwi-matrix ye-ceramic e-porous. Le pore ebukhali-ubungakanani bosasazo buqinisekisa ukukhetha okuphezulu kokwahlukana kunye nokucaca okukhethekileyo kokuhluza, naxa kusetyenzwa ngokungcoliseke kakhulu, i-turbid, okanye i-viscous feedstocks enokoyisa ngokukhawuleza izixhobo zokucoca.

Ukuqina kwePhysicochemical kunye noKuchasana nokuFaka

Ngaphandle kokukhutshwa kobukhulu obulula bomatshini, i-Alumina Ceramic Membrane ibonisa ukomelela okumangalisayo kwe-physicochemical. Inokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo anokuthi anyibilike ngoko nangoko, athambe, okanye ajike iimbrane zepolymer ezisemgangathweni. Ngaphaya koko, ukungazenzi kweekhemikhali okugqwesileyo kuvumela abaqhubi bezityalo ukuba baphumeze iindlela zokucoca iikhemikhali ezinobundlobongela, kubandakanya ukuhlamba umva okuqhubekayo ngeeasidi ezinamandla, izisombululo ezigxininisiweyo zesodium hydroxide, okanye{2}}ubushushu obuphezulu.

Esi sikhundla siphelisa ngokufanelekileyo i-organic, iminerali, okanye i-biological fouling layers ngaphandle kokonakalisa ingqibelelo yesakhiwo senwebu. I-intrinsic hydrophilicity yeendawo eziphezulu-ezicocekileyo ze-alumina zikwakhuthaza ukuzalana okuphezulu kweemolekyuli zamanzi, ukuseka umaleko we-microscopic hydration ogxotha ngokwendalo iifolants ze-hydrophobic, ngaloo ndlela uzinzisa ukutyhutyha ukutyhutyha imijikelo yokusebenza eyandisiweyo kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kwesityalo esinexabiso eliphezulu.

4. Izicelo zoShishino Kumacandelo Ahlukeneyo

Ukucocwa kwamanzi kunye nokuBuyiswa kwamanzi amdaka

Kwindawo yobunjineli bokusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo lomthombo wamanzi kamasipala, i-Alumina Ceramic Membrane idlala indima eguqukayo, ezinzileyo kakhulu. Isasazwe kakhulu kwizityalo zikamasipala zokucoca amanzi okusela ukuze kususwe iintsholongwane ezinqumamisayo, kupheliswe ubugqwirha, kunye nokuhluza amasuntswana alungileyo ngokuthembekileyo. Ngaphaya koko, kumacandelo oshishino olunzima afana nokugqitywa kwesinyithi, ukwenziwa kwamalaphu, ukuveliswa kwepulp kunye nephepha, kunye ne-oyile{2}}kunye{3}}nophononongo lwerhasi, ezi membrane ziyagqwesa ekunyangeni amanzi amdaka anamafutha kunye nokubuyisela inkqubo yamanzi axabisekileyo ukuze asetyenziswe kwakhona.

Kuba iAlumina Ceramic Membrane inokumelana nezixhobo zokucoca iikhemikhali eziqatha kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, igcina amazinga aphezulu okuguquguquka xa kusetyenzwa iimulsions ezinzima ezinamafutha,-amanzi amdaka agcweleyo, kunye nemijelo engcoliseke kakhulu yemizi-mveliso enokuthi ingcolise ngokukhawuleza kwaye itshabalalise iindlela ezizezinye zokucoca iipolymeri.

I-Biotechnology, i-Pharmaceutical, kunye nokuLungiswa kokutya

Ucoceko olungqongqo, ubunyumba, kunye neemfuno zolawulo lwe-biotechnology, amayeza, kunye nokutya -kunye{1}}kunye nemizi-mveliso yeziselo zenza i-Alumina Ceramic Membrane ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokusetyenzwa kwemizi-mveliso yococeko. Kwiteknoloji yebhayoloji nakwimveliso yamayeza, ezi membrane zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukucacisa isivuno seseli, ukuhluzwa komhluzi wokubilisa, ukuhluzwa kweeprotheyini, kunye nokuhluzwa okungenantsholongwane kobushushu{3}}kwizisombululo zolwelo olubuthathaka.

Kwicandelo lokutya kunye nesiselo, ziphunyezwa ngokubanzi ukucaciswa kweejusi zeziqhamo, ukuchithwa kunye nokugxininiswa kwemijelo yobisi, ukuzinza kwebhiya, kunye neprotheyini ye-whey. Isakhono sabo esikhethekileyo sokutyhubela umphunga ophindaphindiweyo-ukwenziwa inzala-endaweni{3}}(SIP) iqinisekisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lwemicrobiological kunye nokuthotyelwa okupheleleyo kokutya kwamazwe ngamazwe okungqongqo{4}}imigangatho yoqhagamshelwano kunye nokhuseleko lwamayeza.

I-Petrochemical and Chemical Engineering

Kwiimeko ezinzima zokwenziwa kweekhemikhali, apho i-solvents ye-organic enobudlova, i-acids yeminerali eyomeleleyo, kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu aqhelekileyo, imidiya yokucoca eqhelekileyo ihluleka ngokukhawuleza kwaye iyingozi. I-Alumina Ceramic Membrane iyaphumelela kule mingeni yepetrochemical kunye nezicelo zobunjineli bemichiza. Isetyenziselwa ukubuyisela izinto eziluncedo kwi-chemical synthesis reactors, ukwahlulwa kweekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo kwizinyibiliki ezinobungozi zendalo, kunye-nobushushu obuphezulu bokucocwa kweegesi ezityiwayo zemizi-mveliso.

Uzinzo olukhethekileyo lobushushu lwenza ukuba irhasi-yahlulwe ngokwezigaba kunye neenkqubo zokutyhutyha umphunga ezisebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kumakhulu eedegrees Celsius, zivule imida emitsha kukwenziwa kweekhemikhali eziluhlaza, ukudityaniswa kwekhabhoni, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwepetrochemical.

5. IiNdlela zokuSebenza kunye neeNdlela zeTekhnoloji zekamva

Iindlela Zokwenziwa

Imveliso yomgangatho ophezulu-yeAlumina Ceramic Membrane yinkqubo yobunjineli yesinyithi kunye neceramic ephucukileyo efuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo kwinqanaba ngalinye lokwenziwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo iqala ngolungiselelo oluchanekileyo lwe-alumina slurries ezinzileyo equlathe ngononophelo isub{2}}umgubo wemicron, izibophelelo eziphilayo, kunye neearhente ezichithachitha. Ubuchwephesha obuqhelekileyo bokubumba bubandakanya ukuphosa ukutyibilika, ucinezelo lwe-uniaxial, ijeli-ukuphosa, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu-lokukhupha uxinzelelo ukwenza i-tubular, i-multichannel, i-flat{6}}ishiti, okanye umngxuma{7}}izakhiwo zenkxaso yefayibha.

Nje ukuba inkxaso eluhlaza yomile kwaye ngaphambili{0}}i-sintered ukunika amandla okubamba, ukuxhonywa kwengubo kufakwa kumphezulu ngokuchaneka kwediphu{1}}indlela yokwaleka okanye i-sol{2}}ubuchule bejeli ukwenza umaleko ophakathi kunye nosebenzayo wokwahlula. Yonke -indibano yomaleko iphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu-kwiqondo lokushisa lokuchaneka kwirhasi echanekileyo okanye izibane zombane, apho usasazo lweatom kunye noluqilima{6}}kudibano lwelizwe ludibanisa ngokusisigxina iileya kunye kwisakhiwo seseramikhi ye-monolithic.

Izinto ezintsha ezisakhulayo kunye noZinzo

Uphando lwangoku kunye nophuhliso olujikeleze i-Alumina Ceramic Membrane igxile kakhulu kubuchule bokulungiswa komphezulu kunye neendleko-ezindlela zokwehliswa kwemveliso. Izazinzulu zibunjineli bobunjineli bobunjineli be-nano{2}}zokugquma kunye nomphezulu{3}}imingxuma ye-alumina esebenzayo ukuqinisa ukwaliwa kwe-ion, ukutshayela iimpawu zomphezulu wentlawulo, kunye nokuphucula amandla okuchasa{4}}ukungcola ngakumbi.

Ngaxeshanye, iinzame ezihlangeneyo ziyaqhuba zokusebenzisa-ixabiso elisezantsi lezandulela zendalo, ukwandisa amandla{1}}imijikelo ye-microwave sintering esebenzayo, kunye noyilo lwezindlu zemodyuli zemembrane ezicutha unyawo olupheleleyo lwekhabhoni yemveliso ye-ceramic membrane. Olu phuhliso luqhubekayo lobuchwepheshe luqinisekisa ukuba i-Alumina Ceramic Membrane iya kuhlala ikwincam egqibeleleyo yokuhluza ubuchwephesha bemizi-mveliso, ihlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zokwenziwa kwemveliso yehlabathi ezinzileyo kunye namaphulo oqoqosho olusetyhula.

6. Isiphelo

I-Alumina Ceramic Membrane imele incopho yempumelelo kwinzululwazi yale mihla yokwahlukana, idibanisa ngaphandle komthungo wobunjineli bemathiriyeli ephucukileyo nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kokusebenza kuzo zonke iimeko ezinobutshaba. Ulwakhiwo lwayo oluqinileyo lwe-asymmetric, olubonakaliswa ngumaleko wenkxaso ye-macroporous ehlala ixesha elide kunye noluhlu lwesikhumba olwahlukileyo olulungelelanisiweyo, lunikezela ngomatshini, i-thermal, kunye nokuqina kweekhemikhali ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto. Ukusukela ekukhuseleni amanzi acocekileyo kumasipala kunye nokuphucula ukucocwa kwamayeza athambileyo ukumelana nokohlwaywa, imeko-bume eyonakalisayo ye-petrochemical refineries, i-Alumina Ceramic Membrane ingqina ukubaluleka kwayo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo emizi-mveliso. Njengoko iindlela zokuvelisa ziqhubeka ziqhubela phambili, iindleko ziyancipha, kwaye iimfuno zokuzinza kwehlabathi ziqinisa, izinto ezintsha zenzululwazi eziqhubekayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziya kwandisa amandla ayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Alumina Ceramic Membrane iyaqhubeka nokuqhuba inkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ekuhlukaneni kwezoshishino kwihlabathi kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo.